Budaya Sumatera-Aceh

MAYBE if you asked most people in Aceh would know where rumoh Aceh (Aceh House is a traditional Acehnese house,-pen). But when asked where it is still to be found the original rumoh Aceh, on average, will answer in Banda Aceh, precisely at the State Museum of the city of Banda Aceh across the verandah adjacent to the tomb of Sultan Iskandar Muda.

So, is it just there in Banda Aceh who still have the original rumoh Aceh? if you want to be searched thoroughly in nearly all counties and cities in Aceh, the average is still "save" these rare items rumoh Aceh.

The question mark is whether everyone knows where the existence and one more thing we have to a village-village that can be said to the countryside to find rumoh Aceh Aceh is an original and authentic.

As in Aceh Besar, a lot can still be found here rumoh Aceh with authenticity. One Cut Nyak Dien rumoh Aceh is now used as a museum, precisely located in the Village Lampisang, Lhok Nga. Then there is also rumoh Aceh Cut Meutia that can be found in the village mosque Pirak, Matang Kuli district, North Aceh.

If you want to explore many remote villages in Aceh Besar in Aceh or the other, most likely a variety of ethnic authenticity rumoh Aceh can still be found.

In another post, I was on an expedition with fellow Aceh Blogger Community Reg. Bireuen III (X-ABC III Bireuen) to move the residence of the deceased cleric Sufi Aceh, Tgk. Awe Chik Geutah in sub Peusangan Siblah Krueng. Well, here we also find rumoh Aceh, which is still maintained its authenticity (photo above-pen), even perkarangan is still synonymous with the concept of hundreds of years ago.

What is house position?

House position is the stage that have high architectural vary according to the manufacturer, but the habit has a height of about 2.5 - 3 meters from the ground. Consisting of three to five rooms in it, for the main room is often called a yam.

Remodel rumoh Aceh relatively not so difficult, for example to add space from three to five, then just add or remove parts of the existing pole on the left or right side of the house. Because this part is often referred to Seuramoe likot (back porch) and Seuramoe reunyeun (bertangga porch), ie, the point of entry into Aceh rumoh always facing east.

Type of house position that the three rooms has 16 poles, while for the five types of rooms has 24 poles. Even one rumoh Aceh (a relic of the 1800's) that are at a crossroads Peukan Pidie, Sigli district, the property of the family of Kings Pidie, late Pakeh Mahmud (Selebestudder Pidie Van Laweung) has 80 poles, so often referred to Aceh rumoh large. Size poles into the main buffer rumoh Aceh size 20-35 cm.

When the history of filmmaking National Hero Tjut Nyak Dien in Aceh War - the Dutch, the director Eros Djarot, choose rumoh Aceh great to fill in some of the scenes from the movie.

The stairs leading to the entrance rumoh Aceh, Aceh rumoh Tgk belongs. Awe Chik Geutah

Entering the main door rumoh Aceh, we will be dealing with some stairs made of wood in general. For his own height, door height is definitely lower than adults.

Usually tall doors around 120-150 cm and made anyone who entered had a little duck, supposedly meaning of this ducking under the old people is a tribute to the host as he entered his house, whoever he is and his position regardless of degrees. In addition, assume that there is a door rumoh Aceh Acehnese hearts. This is evident from the physical form of the doors that are hard to get, but once we got going so gracefully welcomed by the host.

When he was in the front room or also called Seuramoe keu / Seuramoe reungeun, we will find the rooms were so spacious and airy, with no chairs and tables. So, every guest who comes will be seated in cross-legged or cross-legged on a mat like Ngom (a type of plant that is in the swamp grass and then processed and woven) and covered with mats.

The parts house position

While viewing rumoh Aceh, we will meet first with the bottom. Part below yup familiarly called moh / miyup moh, the part between the ground and the floor of the house.

Casual talk, it is also one of the activities in

Normally the bottom can we find to share objects, such as jeungki (rice pounder) and kroeng (to store rice). Not only that, yup part moh also often used as a children's play area, make Aceh songket acted by women, and even can be used as an enclosure for pets such as chickens, ducks and goats.

Moving to the inside rumoh Aceh is the place where all host activities, whether personal or public. In this section, in general, there are three rooms, namely: hall, living room, and a back room.

The front room or called Seuramoe reungeun is a room that is not chambered (a four-room). In this room everyday serves to receive guests, the dozing boy, and where children learn to recite at night or during the day. At certain moments, such as no wedding ceremony or festivity, the room that is the place penjamuan guests to eat together.

Middle room called Seuramoe Teungoh a core part of rumoh Aceh, and therefore many of them called rumoh inong (main). Slight differences in the other room, this room section appear higher than the other, because the place is considered sacred, and is very personal. In this room also will be found in the two chambers or bedrooms are located on either side of the position facing north or south with the door facing the rear. In between these two chambers there are also the alley that connects the front room and a back room. Rumoh inong usually placed to sleep head of the family, and anjong for girls bed.

When a girl has just got married, she will occupy this inong house. And the parents will move to anjong. If there is a daughter who married two people, older people will move to Seuramoe likot, during yet to make a new home or remodel their homes. At the wedding ceremony, the bride will dipersandingkan the rumoh inong, as well as a death rumoh inong be used as a place to bathe the corpse.

Back room called Seuramoe likot which has a high floor with Seuramoe reungeun, and do not have a booth or room partitions. Its function is often used for the kitchen and dining with the family, but it is also used as a family room, either to chat or to perform daily activities such as weaving and embroidery women.

However, there are times too often separated kitchen and even in the back Seuramoe likot. So the space with rumoh Dapu (kitchen) slightly lower than the floor Seuramoe likot.

After the bottom and the inside, we saw the top of rumoh Aceh. Obviously this section located at the top Seuramoe Teungoh. In part they are often given a loft that has a function to store important items the family.

Apparently making rumoh Aceh is not easy, in terms of the building materials used can be difficult to look deeply affected at this time, especially wood constitute the main ingredient. Wood itself is widely used to make tameh (pole), toi, Roek, coal, coal linteung, horses, tuleueng rueng, indreng, and so forth. There's also been used as a wood board, this would normally be used to make floors and walls.

Trieng (bamboo) is also important in making rumoh Aceh, one point to make gasen (battens), floor foundation, beuleubah (where sewed the roof), and others. Palm or sugar also sometimes used to make floor and walls in addition to using bamboo, palm leaf itself can also instead of sago palm leaves for roofing rumoh Aceh.

There are also taloe meu-belt (strap) made ​​fibers, rattan, hibiscus bark, and sometimes for the current commonly used plastic rope. 'Oen meuria (sago palm leaf, commonly known by its fruit bark Aceh) is one of the important roofing rumoh Aceh. And finally after a sago palm leaves, of course peuleupeuk meuria (stem thatch). One uses the stem is used for making thatch walls, such as shelves, and sanding. However, the midrib is not solely a replacement of the board.

One of the carvings are located near the entrance to the stairs leading rumoh Aceh

Philosophy and uniqueness house position

House position is not only a place to live, but an expression of faith in God and adaptation to environment. Therefore, through rumoh Aceh we can see the culture, lifestyle, and values ​​are in believe the people of Aceh. Adaptation to the environment can be seen from the Aceh rumoh shaped stage, the beams are made of wood choices, the walls of the board, and a roof of thatch.

Utilization of nature can also be seen when trying to incorporate parts of the house that do not use nails but using pegs or straps of cane. Although only made of wood, thatched palm leaf, and do not use nails, rumoh Aceh could last up to 200 years. Beliefs influence the people of Aceh to the architecture of the house can be seen in the house is always a stretch from east to west, the east-facing front and the inside or back of the sacred in the west.

SSE reflects the Aceh community efforts to build an imaginary line to the Kaaba in Mecca. In addition, the effect of belief can also be seen in the use of poles buffer is always an even number, office number is always odd, and odd numbered staircase.

Aside from being a manifestation of public confidence and adaptation to the environment, the presence of rumoh Aceh also shows the social status. The more ornate the rumoh Aceh, then surely the richer inhabitants. For families who do not have excessive wealth, then simply garnish relatively little or even none at all.

In rumoh Aceh, there are some decoration motifs, namely:

1. Religious motives are carvings taken from the verses of al-Quran;


2. Flora motif used is stelirisasi well-shaped plant leaves, roots, stems, or flowers. Carving stilirisasi shaped plants are not color-coded, if any, the colors used are red and black. This decorative style is usually found on rinyeuen (stairs), walls, tulak angen, kindang, beams on the hood, and the windows of the house;


3. Fauna motifs that are commonly used are the animals that are often seen and liked;


4. Natural motifs used by the people of Aceh include: the sky and the clouds, the sky and the moon, and the stars and the sea, and


5. Other motives, such as rantee, tongue, and so forth.

Carving curves that still feels so typical in Aceh rumoh Tgk. Awe Chik Geutah

The realization of the architecture rumoh Aceh is the embodiment of wisdom in dealing with nature and belief (religious) people of Aceh. The stage house architecture by using wood as a material is an adap tasimasyarakat environment condition. Collectively Similarly, the structure of the traditions that shaped platform providing separate comfort to the occupants. In addition, the structure of the house as it gives a positive value to the convoy system sosialuntuk ensure security, order and safety of the village (village).

For the Acehnese, building a house is like building a life. That's why the development performed must meet several requirements and go through several stages. The requirements are: choosing the good day by Teungku (local clerics), procurement of festivity, wood procurement options, and so on.

Consultation with family, ask advice Teungku, and work together in the process of development is an attempt to foster a sense of family, instilling a sense of solidarity between people, and respect the customs regulations. By working together, problems can be addressed and social harmony can be maintained. By getting advice from Teungku, then the house is built is expected to provide physical safety and spiritual tranquility. Tata room house with a variety of functions are the symbol of obeying the rules.

For example, the house structure makes the views are unobstructed and easy fellow citizens keep each home orders in the village. Intelligence community in addressing natural conditions can also be seen from the rumoh that faces the north and south so that the lengthwise from east to west.

Black strap that connects all elements of the roof of the house / abuafatah.blogspot.com

There are also other unique rumoh Aceh, which is located on the roof. Black strap or rope fibers (see picture left) has a very meaningful purpose, such as a fire are vulnerable to attack because the materials of thatch roof is so highly flammable, so homeowners only need to cut the rope. Thus, the entire roof terhubungan or centered on a black strap will be collapsed and could minimize the impact of the disaster that occurred.

In its development, the people of Aceh have a presumption that in making rumoh Aceh has an imaginary line between the house and the Kaaba (religious motif), but before Islam came to Aceh, a traditional Acehnese house direction is already the case. This trend seems to be a form of attitude the people of Aceh to the direction the wind is blowing in the Aceh region, from east to west or vice versa.

If rumoh Aceh facing towards the direction of the wind, the building will be easy to collapse. In addition, the house faces north and south is meant to let the sunlight easily get back to the room-the rooms, both located on the east side or the west side. After Islam came to Aceh, Aceh rumoh toward getting religious justification. Religious values ​​can also be seen in the amount of space that is always odd, the number of steps are always odd, and the presence of water to wash the feet of the barrel each time to go rumoh Aceh.

The existence of the space that served as private spaces, such as rumoh inong, public spaces, such as the front porch, and a special women, such as the back porch is an attempt to instill and maintain the value of politeness and social etiquette.

The existence of the stairs to enter Aceh rumoh not only serves as a means to climb into the house, but also serves as a cutoff point should only be visited by guests who are not family members or close relatives. If no family members at home are men, the "abstinence and taboo" for guests who are not immediate family (read: mahram) to go up to the house. Thus, it also serves as a means of social control for the day-to-day interactions between people.

Now the house position

There is one school in Lueng Putu, Pidie Jaya, namely Dayah Jeumala Charity which was deliberately made rumoh Aceh in the complex of buildings students, it is believed to be a symbol of a combination of traditional values ​​and contemporary modern values ​​can still be maintained as a noble heritage values ​​predecessors.

As the times are demanding all the things done effectively and efficiently, and the increasingly high cost of manufacture and maintenance rumoh Aceh, then gradually less and less people in Aceh who build traditional houses. As a result, the number rumoh Aceh is increasingly little.

They prefer modern houses made of concrete manufacture and procurement of material more easily than on the building is more complicated, more difficult material procurement and maintenance costs are more expensive. However, there are also people who love the architectural heritage of their ancestors made rumoh Aceh attached to their concrete home.

Currently, estimated to make rumoh Aceh is fairly expensive, one utoh (builders) from Peukan Pidie, Syafie rumoh Aceh said that the building is at the present time can range from Rp 20 million, it is composed of wood materials, palm leaf roof Nice and all parts of the house could spend more than USD 75 million. If a large, no less USD 300 million, if you look

By knowing the values ​​contained in rumoh Aceh, then we will be able to understand and appreciate the diverse treasures contained therein. It could be, because of the changing times, changing rumoh Aceh architecture, but by understanding and giving new meaning to the symbols used, the values ​​that would be submitted by the predecessors can be maintained and kept in accordance with the era.

One other thing, despite our inability to build rumoh Aceh as always used to be, at least to maintain and preserve the heritage Nanggroe a right to all the people of Aceh. Because of any meaning rumoh Aceh, at least we can take meaningful lessons about Aceh, and its people.